Clinical characteristics and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women attending a third level reference center in Mexico City.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 symptoms vary widely among pregnant women. We aimed to assess the most frequent symptoms amongst pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a tertiary hospital in Mexico City. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of pregnant women attending the National Institute of Perinatology in Mexico City was performed. All women who attended the hospital, despite their symptoms, were tested for SARS-CoV-2. A multivariate-age-adjusted logistic regression was used to assess the association between the main outcome and each characteristic of the clinical history. RESULTS: A total of 1880 women were included in the data analysis. Among all women, 30.74% (n = 578) had a positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2 from which 2.7 (n = 50) were symptomatic. Symptoms associated with a positive PCR result were headache (p=.01), dyspnea (p=.043), and myalgia (p=.043). CONCLUSIONS: At universal screening for SARS-CoV-2, one-third of the population had a positive result, while those symptoms associated with a positive PCR were headache, dyspnea, and myalgia.

Cambios morfológicos en las placentas de pacientes con preeclampsia o restricción del crecimiento intrauterino e interpretación de los desenlaces perinatales / Morphological changes in placentas of patients with preeclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction and interpretation of perinatal outcomes

Resumen OBJETIVO: Determinar las diferencias morfológicas macro y microscópicas en las placentas de pacientes con preeclampsia o restricción del crecimiento intrauterino con las de pacientes sanas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de casos y controles, retrospectivo, observacional y comparativo. Se revisaron las bases de datos del servicio de Medicina Materno Fetal del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer) de febrero de 2018 a marzo de 2020 en busca de pacientes con embarazo único y diagnóstico de preeclampsia temprana o restricción del crecimiento temprano y finalización del embarazo en el INPer. El análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo en el programa estadístico SPSS versión 25. Las variables categóricas se compararon entre grupos con χ2 y los resultados se representaron en porcentajes. Para la evaluación estadística analítica se utilizó ANOVA para una muestra independiente para contrastar las asociaciones entre las diversas variables. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 52 pacientes que se dividieron en: grupo 1: preeclampsia temprana sin restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (n = 13), grupo 2: preeclampsia y restricción del crecimiento intrauterino temprano (n = 13), grupo 3: restricción del crecimiento intrauterino temprano (n = 13) y grupo 4 (control) pacientes sanas (n = 13). Se demostró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el peso de la placenta, con un valor de p < 0.05 pero sin diferencia en el diámetro del cordón umbilical entre los cuatro grupos. CONCLUSIONES: El estudio histopatológico placentario es una oportunidad para obtener información detallada de la base fisiopatológica de la enfermedad y, así, ofrecer una asesoría y seguimiento preciso a la paciente y al neonato.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the macro and microscopic morphologic differences in placentas of patients with preeclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction with those of healthy patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, observational and comparative case-control study. The databases of the Maternal Fetal Medicine service of the National Institute of Perinatology (INPer) from February 2018 to March 2020 were reviewed for patients with singleton pregnancy and diagnosis of early preeclampsia or early growth restriction and termination of pregnancy at the INPer. Data analysis was performed in the statistical program SPSS version 25. Categorical variables were compared between groups with χ2 and the results were represented in percentages. For the analytical statistical evaluation, ANOVA for an independent sample was used to contrast the associations between the various variables. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients were included and divided into: group 1: early preeclampsia without intrauterine growth restriction (n = 13), group 2: preeclampsia and early intrauterine growth restriction (n = 13), group 3: early intrauterine growth restriction (n = 13) and group 4 (control) healthy patients (n = 13). A statistically significant difference in placental weight was demonstrated, with a p value < 0.05 but no difference in umbilical cord diameter among the four groups. CONCLUSIONS: Placental histopathologic study is an opportunity to obtain detailed information on the pathophysiologic basis of the disease and thus provide accurate counseling and follow-up to the patient and neonate.